R29-17

Navigation Acts of 1651- The navigation acts were established by Oliver Cromwell to combat the Anglo Dutch Wars between 1652 an 1674, in order to sabotage Dutch economies. The acts required that most goods imported from Europe into England and Scotland must be carried by English ships with English crews, causing colonists to buy or receive all their products from Britain. This successfully damaged the Dutch economy by ruining shipping and commerce. This denoted the end of the Dutch economic rule, and by the late 17th century, the Dutch had fallen behind England in shipping, trade, and colonization.

McKay, John P. __History of Western Society 7th Edition__. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.